156 patients treated for uveal melanoma either with PBT (n=92) or radioactive iodine 125 implant (RAI) (n=64) were analyzed in this study. With a median follow up of 2.7 years, this study reported no significant difference between RAI and PBT in the outcomes of liver metastases, death, enucleation, tearing, vision loss, retinal detachment, tumor thickness, conjunctivitis, optic neuropathy, iris neovascularization, or neovascular glaucoma (all P>.05). However, the RAI group had a significantly higher risk of diplopia (P<.001), cataract progression (P<.001), maculopathy (P=.03) and eyelash loss (P=.006), compared with the PBT group.