This study evaluated dosimetric and cognitive data from 75 patients with medulloblastoma treated with proton (n=36) and photon (n=39). Significant dose reduction was achieved in the proton group in the brain mean dose and brain D40, the mean doses to the left and right hippocampi, and the mean dose to the left and right temporal lobes, which were found significantly associated to verbal comprehension, processing speed, global IQ scores, perceptual reasoning, and working memory. The authors concluded that proton therapy should be offered to pediatric patients with medulloblastoma.