A review by the Samsung Medical Center, Korea on radiotherapy for HCC, discussed the physical properties, current clinical data, technical issues, and future perspectives on PBT for the treatment of HCC. This review confirmed dosimetric advantages of PT, and presented literature that reported the favorable clinical outcomes and improved safety of PBT for HCC patients compared with X-ray therapy.

However, there are some technical issues regarding the use of PBT in HCC, including uncertainty of organ motion and inaccuracy during calculation of tissue density and beam range, all of which may reduce the robustness of a PBT treatment plan.