This study by the group from Samsung Medial Center, Korea, compared the oncological outcomes of 323 patients with newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with PBT (n=40) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (n=283). With a median follow-up 3.4 years, there was no significant difference observed in cumulative local progression rate (10.4% in PBT vs. 7.8% in RFA at 3-years, p=0.895). Grade 3 or higher toxicity was reported in only one patient (0.4%) after RFA. The authors concluded that PBT demonstrated comparable local control with acceptable toxicity to RFA, therefore PBT may be a valid alternative.