Executive summary

Using data of 133,898 N0M0 prostate cancer cases from the National Cancer Database, this study compared second primary cancer (SPC) probabilities among those treated with curative-intent PBT (n=3420, 2.6%), SBRT (n=9267, 6.9%), and IMRT (n=121211, 90.5%). This study reported that the crude percentages of patients with SPC were lower among the PBT (3.0%) and SBRT (4.3%) cohorts compared to IMRT (8.6%) cohorts. PBT and SBRT were associated with lower risk (PBT: 0.49 [0.40-0.60], SBRT: 0.57 (0.51-0.63), P < .001) compared to IMRT. The conclusion of this large national cohort study is that PBT and SBRT performed similarly and were associated with reduced SPC risk compared to IMRT when used as the first course of treatment.

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