This questionnaire-based study included 110 childhood cancer survivors who underwent PBT treatment and 41 survivors who did not undergo PBT treatment. This study found that health-related quality of life (HRQoL) tended to be better in the PBT-group than in the noPBT group with CNS or solid tumors. When compared with the general population, the psychosocial health summary scores and its components were not different in PBT and noPBT groups. PBT may avoid reduction in HRQoL in terms of the psychosocial functioning for childhood cancer survivors with CNS tumors.