Eighteen patients with high-risk (n = 16) and locally recurrent neuroblastoma (n = 2) were treated with proton therapy. With a median follow-up of 60.2 months, this study reported the five-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 64%, and the five-year overall survival (OS) was 94%. No radiation-related nephropathy or hepatopathy was reported.

The authors concluded that proton therapy provided high rates of local control with acceptable toxicity for neuroblastoma, further advances in systemic therapy are needed for the improved control of systemic disease.