This study compared changes in intellectual, adaptive, and QOL scores in children treated for craniopharyngioma with gross-total resection (GTR) and those treated with partial resection followed by radiotherapy (PR+RT). 21 patients with GTR and 22 with PR+RT were analyzed. Within the PR+RT group, 9 patients had IMRT and 13 had PBT. This study found no significant differences in the trajectory of intellectual functioning or QOL scale scores between the two groups; however patients who underwent GTR exhibited significant improvement over time in overall adaptive behavior (p = 0.04) and conceptual skills (p = 0.01), which was not observed in patients treated with PR+RT. The authors suggested larger studies needed to explore clinically significant differences between the two groups.