A review on proton therapy situation in the UK. Since the first proton therapy center opening in Manchester in 2018, by September 2019, 108 patients had started treatment, 60 pediatric, 19 teenagers and young adults, and 29 adults.

The review highlighted the vision of building a research capability including translational pre-clinical biological and physical studies such as exploring differences of DNA damage between proton irradiation and X-rays; cellular processes of DNA damage response; the effects on tumor and normal tissue of PBT combined with conventional chemotherapy, targeted drugs and immunomodulatory agents and the ultra-high dose rate FLASH irradiation.