As immunotherapy, especially the immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently been demonstrated to improve survival in metastatic and locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), this review article looked into the current roles of radiation therapy as immunostimulatory with the potential to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy.

This review detailed the intersection of radiotherapy and immunotherapy, their potential to have combined synergistic responses, and highlighted existing preclinical and clinical data and ongoing clinical trials of combined immunotherapy and radiotherapy across all NSCLC stages.